Primary production, food web structure, and fish yields in constructed and natural wetlands in the floodplain of an African river

نویسندگان

  • Andrew T. Jackson
  • Alphonse Adite
  • Katherine A. Roach
  • Kirk O. Winemiller
چکیده

In the Ouémé River, Africa, whedo (artificial pond) aquaculture on the floodplain is an important method of fishery production. We surveyed fishes in whedos and adjacent main-channel and floodplain habitats during the receding-water period (December 2010 – January 2011) and analyzed carbon ( 13C) and nitrogen ( 15N) stable isotope ratios of fish and primary producer tissue samples to investigate food web structure. We alsomeasured instream respiration, net primary production, algal biomass (chlorophyll a), and nutrient concentrations in the habitats. Floodplain habitats weremore nutrient-rich than the river channel, and whedos were net heterotrophic (net primary production < 0). Phytomicrobenthos and C3macrophytes accounted for a large fraction of fish biomass in whedos and the natural floodplain depression, while the river channel was mainly supported by seston and C3 macrophytes. Whedo food webs were dominated by piscivorous fishes and had fewer trophic transfers compared with the food web of the river channel. Our results suggest that control of aquatic macrophyte growth in whedos may yield greater algal production and consumer biomass, including harvestable fish stocks. Résumé : L'aquaculture en whedos (étangs artificiels) dans la plaine inondable du fleuve Ouémé, en Afrique, constitue une importanteméthode de production halieutique. Nous avons recensé des poissons dans des whedos et dans des habitats attenants du chenal principal et de la plaine inondable en période de décrue (de décembre 2010 à janvier 2011) et analysé les rapports d'isotopes stables de carbone ( 13C) et d'azote ( 15N) d'échantillons de tissus de poissons et de producteurs primaires afin d'étudier la structure du réseau trophique. Nous avons également mesuré la respiration dans le cours d'eau, la production primaire nette, la biomasse algale (chlorophylle a) et les concentrations de nutriments dans les différents habitats. Les habitats de plaine inondable étaient plus riches en nutriments que ceux du chenal du fleuve, et les whedos étaient caractérisés par une hétérotrophie nette (la production primaire nette < 0). Le phytomicrobenthos et lesmacrophytes C3 expliquaient la présence d'une grande partie de la biomasse de poissons dans les whedos et les dépressions naturelles de la plaine inondable alors que, dans le chenal principal du fleuve, la biomasse de poissons était principalement supportée par le seston et les macrophytes C3. Les réseaux trophiques des whedos étaient dominés par des poissons piscivores et présentaient moins de transferts trophiques que le réseau trophique du chenal du fleuve. Nos résultats portent à croire qu'un contrôle de la croissance des macrophytes aquatiques dans les whedos pourrait permettre d'accroître la production algale et de biomasse de consommateurs, y compris des stocks de poissons exploitables. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2013